Contents
Background
The content of this document does not fully disclose all risks and other traits that are associated with any investment products or services that may be available through Rowan Dartington & Co Limited. You should seek further advice if required in order to satisfy yourself that you fully understand the risks which apply to such investment products and services.
The services and financial instruments made available by Rowan Dartington & Co Limited are primarily aimed at retail investors. Please be aware that we reserve the right (where we feel that it is not in your best interests) to decline to provide an advised service or allow a transaction in a financial instrument or product.
All financial instruments and services carry a degree of risk. The types of risk that might apply will depend on various matters, including how any relevant product instrument or service agreement is created or drafted and where different instruments are bundled together to create a product the risk exposure of those underlying assets.
Where you wish us to execute a transaction on an execution only basis this will only be possible for products/instruments classed as non-complex (as defined by legislation). Where a product or instrument is classed as complex, we will need to undertake an appropriateness test to ascertain your knowledge and experience. Following this assessment, we reserve the right to refuse to undertake the transaction where we do not believe this will be in your best interest based on the information provided.
We believe that holdings in virtual currencies including bitcoin, either directly or via a wrapper such as an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) should be considered as highly speculative. We therefore reserve the right to refuse a request for trading in these types of financial instruments.
As marijuana remains illegal in the UK, we will also not accept any orders in investments based around the manufacturing or distribution of cannabis and any investment or profiting from investing into assets focused in this area may be at risk of committing a criminal offence.
This page and its content is only information and you should not rely on this as a personal recommendation or investment advice based on your personal circumstances. It does not constitute a recommendation to enter into any investment service or invest in any investment product. It also does not infer that we will be able to execute transactions on your behalf in all of the items listed.
You should not invest in any investment product or agree to receive any investment service unless you understand the nature of the contract you are entering into and the extent of your exposure to risk. You should also be satisfied that any product or service is suitable for you in light of your financial position and investment objectives and, where necessary, you should seek appropriate advice in advance of making any investment decisions.
We do not currently offer all the investment types detailed below. If you are interested in investing in a particular investment, then please contact your investment manager who will be able to confirm what we currently offer. Some of the investments listed will also mean that we need to request more information from you on to gauge an understanding of your investment experience; this may mean that we are not able to accept your instructions to invest unless we believe you are able to fully understanding the associated risks, and able to bare financial loss.
Where a investment, fund or ETF is not able to provide a KIID or KID document, it is unlikely that we would be able purchase or hold the asset on your behalf.
Services
Discretionary Services
A discretionary managed service is available for those who wish to leave the investment management decisions to us. Up front, we will agree your risk profile and investment mandate, and manage your investments in line with this.
This offers you with an all-inclusive portfolio management service, as well as a wide range of value-added services such as capital gains tax management, periodic valuations and regular suitability reviews (if applicable).
We will discuss and agree your investment objectives and requirements with you in advance. This will formulate the mandate and guidelines that your investment portfolio will be managed to. Investment decisions are then made within these guidelines which are reviewed periodically.
You will receive regular periodical valuations and you will be able to review your portfolio at any time using our secure online portal.
Advisory Dealing Service
Some clients prefer to make their own investment decisions with the assistance of advice.. Under this service, clients will receive advice on a stock-by-stock basis only, rather than within the framework of a managed portfolio. Our advisory dealing service will provide you with recommendations based on individual investments researched by our own in-house team of analysts. Your portfolio under this service offering is not being managed and so any advice will be based on your chosen risk appetite/objective and existing investments whilst avoiding any areas which you do not wish to invest in.
The service will give you access to your very own stockbroker who will pro-actively provide you with advice and ideas.
Execution Only Dealing Service
If you are comfortable making your own investment decisions, with no advice, then our execution-only dealing service should be exactly what you are looking for. No advice or recommendations are offered, although factual information such as share prices and market activity will be given on request.
Instrument Types
Equity Instruments - General
When you buy or subscribe for equities issued by a company, you are buying a part of that company thereby becoming a stakeholder in the company.
When buying shares, you are aiming for capital growth and/or dividend income over the period you hold the investment. How much growth you obtain will depend on the value of the company and its profitability and earnings growth.
A risk of holding shares is that the company must both grow in value and, if applicable, grow the dividend it elects to pay to its shareholders. If the company does not achieve this or make adequate dividend payments, the share price may fall. The company’s performance may deteriorate in relation to its competitors, leading to further reductions in the share price.
Shares are a relatively volatile asset class and prices can go up and down more than other classes. Other risks which are outlined later in this document may apply.
If a company goes into liquidation, shareholders rank behind the company’s creditors (including its subordinated creditors) in relation to the realisation and distribution of the company’s assets. The end result is that a shareholder will typically only receive money from liquidators once all of the creditors of the company have been paid in full.
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares are issued by companies as the primary means of raising risk capital. Under legislation, the issuer has no obligation to repay the original cost of the share, or the capital, to the shareholder until the issuer is wound up or liquidated. The underlying issuer may issue dividend payments to qualifying shareholders. Dividends issued by companies are discretionary and reliant on the underling firm having the required cash reserves to do so.
Generally, ordinary shares carry a right to vote on certain issues at the annual and extraordinary general meetings of the underlying issuer. There is no guaranteed return on an investment in ordinary shares and ordinary shareholders are amongst the last stakeholders who have a right to repayment of their capital and any surplus funds of the issuer in the event that the company is liquidated.
Preference Shares
Preference shares give shareholders the right to a fixed income and the value of income derived from the share is not based on the success of the issuer company. Due to this factor, they tend to be a lower risk form of investment than ordinary shares but there is also less potential for capital growth. Preference shares tend not to give shareholders the right to vote at general meetings of the issuer, but shareholders will have a greater preference to any surplus funds of the issuer than ordinary shareholders, should the issuer go into liquidation.
Depositary Receipts
Depositary receipts are receipts, generally issued by a bank, representing ownership of shares of a foreign based company. Depositary receipts are mainly designed for U.S. and European securities markets as alternatives to purchasing underlying securities in their normal national markets and currencies. They are traded on a stock exchange in the same way that an ordinary share is.
Fixed Interest Investments
Fixed Interest investments are IOUs issued by the underlying company. They are usually secured by a specific amount of the company/government’s assets or capital. The issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation is a risk that should be factored in. The asset may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, the creditworthiness of the issuer, liquidity, and other economic factors, amongst other issues. When interest rates rise, the value of corporate debt securities can be expected to decline and vice versa. Fixed-rate transferable debt securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate movements than those with shorter maturities.
Units in Collective Investment Schemes (UCITS)
There are a number of different types of collective investment schemes. Generally, a collective investment scheme will allow a number of investors to ‘pool’ their assets and have these managed by an independent manager. Investments available within collectives will typically include gilts, bonds, and quoted equities, but may, depending on the nature of the fund, include investments in derivatives, real estate or any other asset class.
Where the collective investment scheme invests in only one asset type, there will be risks associated to that underlying asset class that may not be prevalent with other asset classes. Investors should check whether the collective holds a range of different assets which will help to diversify its risk. Subject to this, investments in collectives are likely to reduce risk by spreading the pooled funds across a number of underlying investments.
Through the diversification of investments and underlying asset classes, there is likely to be a reduction in risk. This is due to the number of underlying holdings within the collective that will reduce the effect that a change in the value of any one investment may have on the overall performance of the portfolio. Due to the nature of the investment, a collective can be subject to a number of risks that would not generally affect individual instruments. The management of the collective will often be the driver for the underlying performance of the fund itself and the fund manager’s decisions are likely to have a significant effect on the return investors receive.
Collectives can either be deemed as regulated or unregulated and you should ensure that you understand the additional risks associated with investing into unregulated collectives.
In the event that you wish to purchase or hold a fund which we do not have access to, we may not be able to proceed with executing transactions in line with your wishes.
Exchange Traded Products (ETPs)
ETPs are investment vehicles (asset backed bonds) that track the performance of the underlying index, commodity, or basket of assets - these are often known as Exchange Traded Funds or Commodities. For example, an ETF based on Gold will track the underlying price of a unit of gold. Rather than holding the asset itself, ETFs allow an investor a simple and cost-efficient way of gaining exposure to the underlying asset. In some cases, it is not always practical to physically hold the underlying asset, so ETFs are backed by assets derived from commodities. Some ETFs may involve a degree of gearing which can increase the risk and volatility of the holding. The price of the underlying asset may fluctuate and may be affected by numerous factors including supply and demand, the global markets and other political, financial, or economic events. ETFs trade and settle in the same way as shares and are usually supported by a liquid market.
Penny Shares
There is an additional risk of losing money where investments are made into smaller companies, including penny shares. This means that there is a big difference between the selling and buying price of these shares and if you sell them immediately you may get back much less that the price you paid for them. The price of these shares may also be volatile and experience large swings in value and the amount of information available to investors may be significantly less than with larger, better-established companies.
Derivatives
Financial derivatives are contracts between two or more parties where the value is based on an underlying financial instrument or set of assets. Common underlying instruments include bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates, market indices and stocks.
Futures contracts, forward contracts, options, swaps, and warrants are common derivatives. A futures contract, for example, is a derivative because its value is affected by the performance of the underlying contract. Similarly, a stock option is a derivative because its value is derived from that of the underlying stock. While a derivative's value is based on an asset, ownership of a derivative doesn't mean ownership of the asset.
Due to the nature of the underlying investment, derivatives usually have a high risk connected with them. If the transaction is large in size or the underlying asset is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price. In all cases, investment into a derivative should be carefully considered in terms of suitability for the investor and capacity for loss. You should ensure that you read and understand the terms and conditions of the specific derivatives and any associated obligations.
Contingent Convertible Bonds (CoCos)
Contingent Convertibles (CoCos) are debt notes primarily issued by UK & European financial institutions. They work in a fashion similar to traditional convertible bonds, but CoCos have very different, often more complex, conversion terms. They have a specific strike price that, once reached, allows the conversion of the bond into equity or stock.
CoCos are more commonly referred to as AT1 bonds or enhanced capital notes (ECNs). They usually provide a high yield but are equally high-risk forms of debt. The main feature of the debt notes is that they special options that help the issuing financial institution absorb a capital loss. Issuing banks who may be struggling financially do not have to cover interest payments or convert/repay the bond.
There are currently restrictions place on the distribution of CoCos within the UK and we are therefore unlikely to be able to purchase or hold them on your behalf.
Securitised Derivatives ('Covered Warrants')
Securitised Derivatives or covered warrants may give you a time-limited right or absolute right to acquire or sell one or more types of investment which is normally exercisable against someone other than the issuer of that investment. Or they may give you the right under a contract for difference which allows for speculation on fluctuations in the value of an index, such as the FTSE 100. These instruments have a high degree of gearing or leverage, and therefore a small movement in the price of the underlying investment may result in a disproportionately large movement, up or down, in the price of the warrant.
As a result, the price of these investments can be volatile. When dealing in warrants you need to understand that the right to subscribe is time-limited with the potential that should you fail to exercise the right within the prescribed timescale then the investment may become worthless.
You should not invest in these investments unless you are aware that you may sustain a total loss of your original investments, plus any commission or any transaction charges.
Options
There are many different types of options with different characteristics subject to the following conditions.
Buying Options
Buying options involves less risk than selling options because, if the price of the underlying asset moves against you, you can simply allow the option to lapse. The maximum loss is limited to the premium, plus any commission or other transaction charges. However, if you buy a call option on a futures contract and you later exercise the option, you will acquire the future.
Writing Options
If you write an option, the risk involved is considerably greater than buying options. You may be liable for margin to maintain your position and a loss may be sustained well in excess of any premium received. By writing an option, you accept a legal obligation to purchase or sell the underlying asset if the option is exercised against you, however far the market price has moved away from the exercise price. If you already own the underlying asset, which you have contracted to sell (when the options will be known as ‘covered call options’) the risk is reduced. If you do not own the underlying asset (‘uncovered call options’) the risk can be unlimited. Only experienced persons should contemplate writing uncovered options, and then only after securing full details of the applicable conditions and potential risk exposure.
Traditional Options
Certain London Stock Exchange member firms under special exchange rules write a particular type of option called a ‘traditional option’. These may involve greater risk than other options. Two-way prices are not usually quoted and there is no exchange market on which to close out an open position or to affect an equal and opposite transaction to reverse an open position. It may be difficult to assess its value, or for the seller of such an option to manage his exposure to risk.
Certain options markets operate on a marginal basis, under which buyers do not pay the full premium on their option at the time they purchase it. In this situation you may, subsequently, be called upon to pay margin on the option, up to the level of your premium. If you fail to do so as required, your position may be closed or liquidated in the same way as a futures position.
Swaps
The term ‘swap’ is defined broadly and includes options, swaps and other transactions based on rates, commodities, securities, debt instruments, indices, quantitative measures and other financial or economic interests, subject to certain exceptions. A major risk of off-exchange derivatives (including swaps) is known as counterparty risk, whereby a party is exposed to the inability of its counterparty to perform its obligations under the relevant Financial Instrument.
Contingent Liability Transactions
Contingent liability transactions, which are margined, require you to make a series of payments against the purchase price, instead of paying the whole price immediately. If you trade in futures, contracts for differences, or sell options, you may sustain a total loss of the margin you deposit to establish or maintain a position. If the market moves against you, you may be called upon to pay substantial additional margin, at short notice, to maintain the position. If you fail to do so within the time required, your position may be liquidated at a loss and you will be liable for any resulting deficit. Even if a transaction is not margined, it may still carry an obligation to make further payments in certain circumstances over and above any amount paid when you entered the contract. As specifically provided by the FCA, we may only carry out margined, or other contingent liability transactions with, or for you, if they are traded on, or under, the rules of a recognised, or designated, investment exchange.
Leverage
The price of certain investments is derived from the price of an underlying investment. The use of gearing in relation to such derivative investments can magnify the gains or losses in the underlying investment. Such investments are therefore more volatile, and investors should consider the potential risk-reward before investing in leveraged financial instruments.
Generic and Market Associated Risks
Fluctuations and Past Performance
The price of investments will usually depend on fluctuations in financial markets outside of our or your control. Information on past performance, where given, is not necessarily a guide to future performance. The value of any investments and any income derived from them can fluctuate and may fall. You may get back less than the amount you originally invested or even lose the full amount.
Liquidity
A company’s survival is dependent upon both its profitability and its ability to generate sufficient cash to support its day-to-day operations. Profitability is clearly important, but even profitable companies will fail if they suffer a liquidity crisis and cannot honour their financial commitments. Liquidity risk for investors is the risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss. With liquidity risk, typically reflected in unusually wide bid-ask spreads or large price movements, the general rule of thumb is that the smaller the size of the security or its issuer, the larger the liquidity risk.
Credit
Credit risk is the risk of loss caused by the failure of a counterparty or issuer. Credit risk exists in two broad forms; counterparty risk and issuer risk. Counterparty risk is that a counterparty to a transaction fails to fulfil its contractual obligations. Issuer risk is that the issuer of the stock/bond could default on its obligations to the shareholder.
General Market Risk
Market risk can be defined as: ‘The risk of loss arising from changes in the value of financial instruments.’ The price or value of an investment will depend on fluctuations in financial markets which are outside of our control such as supply and demand, investor opinion, government policy and the prices of any underlying or connected investments. The need to understand this market risk is also important in the pricing of some financial products, such as futures and options.
Diversification
The market risk of holding two securities in isolation is given by their respective standard deviation of returns. However, by combining these assets in varying proportions to create a two-stock portfolio, the portfolio’s standard deviation of return will, in almost all cases, be lower than the weighted average of the standard deviations of these two individual securities. Diversification is an important consideration for any investor and one that we will always consider within our managed portfolios.
Overseas and Emerging Markets
Overseas investments or any investment with an overseas element may be subject to certain additional risks of overseas markets. These can be different to the risks which may affect your home market. In some cases the risks will be greater. Any profit or loss gained from transactions on overseas markets or from contracts denominated in a foreign currency will be affected by fluctuations in exchange rates.
Price and market fluctuations in emerging markets can be extremely volatile. In the short-term, emerging financial markets may react with extreme volatility where news and political issues are common. Emerging markets do not tend to have the same levels of liquidity, market infrastructure, regulation and stability that tend to be found in the financial markets of more developed countries. There is also an increased likelihood of market abuse/manipulation, political influence within financial markets and less overall transparency meaning it is more difficult to price emerging markets and investments accurately.
Insolvency
Insolvency can occur where a company is unable to satisfy its debts. The default of the firm where you are a shareholder may lead to the position being liquidated or closed out without your consent. Also, your initial investment may, in part or in full, not be returned to you. Bankruptcy risk is amplified when a company has little or no working capital, or when it manages its assets inappropriately.
Foreign Exchange Risk
We may enter into transactions on your behalf in investments denominated in foreign currencies other than the Pound Sterling. This may involve entering into foreign exchange transactions on your account in connection with the purchase and sale of such investments. This involves a risk that a movement in exchange rates between currencies may cause the value of, or income from, your investments to go down as well as up and your settlement proceeds/required payment value may differ to the assumed sterling amount.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates will rise as well as fall depending on the government’s monetary policy. Interest rate risk is the exposure of a firm’s financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk arises through some specific products with fixed rates or, more generally, because the overall structures of the firm’s balance sheet creates an interest rate exposure.
Regulatory Risk
Investments and associated markets are generally exposed to regulatory or legal risk. Investment returns are at risk from regulatory or legal actions and changes which can, amongst other issues, alter the profit potential of an investment. Legal changes could even have the effect that a previously acceptable investment becomes illegal.
Changes to legislation regarding tax may also occur and could have a large impact on profitability. Such risk is unpredictable and can depend on numerous political, economic, and other factors. Potential risks in this area are greater in emerging markets but apply everywhere. In emerging markets, there is generally less government oversight and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges and over-the-counter markets.
Operational Risk
Operational risk can be summarised as human risks that can affect all companies. Issues such as malfunctioning systems and controls and essential IT systems can have a significant impact on firms, and in turn, all financial instruments. Business risks, such as the business being run incompetently or poorly, could also affect shareholder value.
Collateral
If you deposit assets with us that may have a charge in lien (used as collateral) against them, the way in which it will be treated will vary according to the type of transaction and where it is traded. There could be significant differences in the treatment of your collateral depending on whether you are trading on a recognised or designated investment exchange, with the rules of that exchange (and associated clearing house) applying or trading off-exchange. Deposited collateral may lose its identity as your property once dealings on your behalf are undertaken. Even if your dealings should ultimately prove profitable, you may not get back the same assets which you deposited and may have to accept payment in cash. For any holdings we hold on your behalf as collateral, the assets cease to be your assets and you will no longer have a proprietary claim over them.
Short Selling
Short selling refers to the sale of equity instruments that you do not own at the time of the transaction. Where you have ‘sold-short’, there is a requirement on you to settle the instrument within the settlement period and you do so by buying in the underlying asset to cover the original sale. The technique is used by investors who believe the price of the underlying instrument will fall between the date of the sale and the settlement date. If the price of the share drops after the investor has sold short, then the investor will make a profit. If, however, the price of the share rises after the investor has sold short, the investor will have automatically made a loss, and the loss has the potential to get bigger and bigger if the price of the share continues to rise before the investor has gone into the market to buy or borrow the share to settle the short sale. Rowan Dartington & Co Limited does not currently permit short selling.
Off-market Transactions
The majority of global regulatory bodies have classified certain exchanges as recognised or designated investment exchanges depending on local legislation. A list of UK recognised exchanges can be found on the Financial Conduct Authority’s or HMRC’s website. Transactions which are traded away from these markets (“off-exchange”) may be exposed to substantially greater risks. Unless otherwise instructed by you, we may deal for you off-exchange. Additionally, transactions off-exchange may not be subject to the same investor protection standards as transactions executed on a recognised or designated investment exchange.
Commission
Before you begin to transact on your account, we will confirm full details of all commissions and other charges for which you will be liable. Under current legislation, we are required to provide you with a cost and charges illustration which should provide you with an analysis of the likely charges you will pay for the service provided. If any charges are not expressed in monetary terms, then you should obtain a clear and written explanation or further confirmation from your Investment Manager.
Suspended Trading
Under certain market conditions, it may be difficult or impossible to liquidate a position you hold. This occurs, for example, if the price of an instrument significantly and rapidly rises or falls in a short period of time. This may mean that under exchange rules, trading may be suspended or restricted.
Stabilisation
We may make recommendations in securities where the price has been subject to ‘stabilisation’. Stabilisation enables the market price of a security to be artificially maintained during the period in which a new issue is sold to the public. Stabilisation may affect not only the price of the new issue, but also the price of any other securities or investments related to it.
Stabilisation is allowed by the FCA in order to help counter the fact that, when a new issue comes to the market for the first time, the price can sometimes drop before buyers are found for shares that are no longer wanted by individuals or institutions. The effect of this may be to keep the price at a higher level than it would otherwise be during the period of stabilisation.
Illiquid and Non-Readily Realisable Investments
We may recommend to you an investment we believe is suitable, although it is, or may later become illiquid or not readily realisable. This means that it may be difficult to deal in the investment and/or difficult to assess its value. We will always use reasonable care to execute such a transaction on terms that are fair and reasonable to you.
Protecting your investments
Nothing is more important to us than the security of your investments. That’s why we hold them in accounts that are separate from our firm, and have processes in place to make sure they remain safe no matter what happens.
Our financial stability
As a leading provider of specialist investment services, Rowan Dartington manages £3.7 billion of assets. Since 2016, we have been part of St. James’s Place, one of the UK’s largest wealth managers with £168.2 billion under management.
(Total funds under management figures for Rowan Dartington and St. James's Place correct as of June 2024)
Our regulatory obligations
Rowan Dartington is authorised and regulated by the UK’s financial regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). Our FCA register number is 155241 and you can check our status on the Financial Services Register.
We have permission to hold client money and investments (collectively known as ‘client assets’), which we must protect on their behalf. Notably, we cannot lend these assets to anyone else or use them to finance our own business.
As part of the FCA regulations, we must follow the rules set out in the Client Assets Sourcebook (CASS). They outline how we hold assets and ensure that we protect them by keeping them segregated from assets owned by our firm.
How we protect assets
We have established a series of controls and processes to make sure that all client assets are protected:
Senior manager oversight. A senior manager has responsibility for the firm's compliance with CASS. A CASS Oversight Team is in place to monitor daily compliance and controls.
Third-party due diligence. We take care in selecting and appointing any third-party firms we use to hold client assets, and conduct formal due diligence on them once a year. We present the findings to our CASS Committee as well as the firm’s board. The CASS Committee meets monthly and can be convened at any time if there are any concerns over the liquidity or performance of the organisations we work with. In addition, we place assets with more than one bank following an annual review in line with our policy to diversify risk.
Reconciliations. We conduct regular reconciliations between our records and those held at third parties as prescribed under the CASS rules. If we identify any discrepancy or shortfall, we will investigate further and then resolve the issue by making up any difference if required.
Client-specific record. Our systems and controls ensure that at any time and without undue delay we can identify the assets we hold for each client.
CASS resolution pack. We keep an up-to-date CASS resolution pack as required under the CASS rules. This contains all the information required to assist an insolvency practitioner in a timely manner.
Pooled accounts. To ensure that client assets are kept separate from our own, we hold them in pooled nominee accounts with custodians. Our nominee firms are non-trading organisations, which means they cannot incur losses. Please refer to our terms and conditions for further detail.
Client money accounts. We include the reference ‘client money’ in the title of all relevant bank accounts to help ensure they are segregated from the firm’s own assets.
Financial Services Compensation Scheme
Rowan Dartington participates in the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) which may provide compensation to qualifying investors for loss in the event of us being unable to meet our liabilities to you.
Further information can be obtained from the FCA or from the FSCS.